![]() Further, no description of individuals showing dissociative amnesia following a trauma exists in any fictional or nonfictional work prior to 1800 (Pope, Poliakoff, Parker, Boynes, & Hudson, 2006). Notably, scientific publications regarding dissociative amnesia rose during the 1980s and reached a peak in the mid-1990s, followed by an equally sharp decline by 2003 in fact, only 13 cases of individuals with dissociative amnesia worldwide could be found in the literature that same year (Pope, Barry, Bodkin, & Hudson, 2006). Some have questioned the validity of dissociative amnesia (Pope, Hudson, Bodkin, & Oliva, 1998) it has even been characterized as a “piece of psychiatric folklore devoid of convincing empirical support” (McNally, 2003, p. ![]() One study of residents in communities in upstate New York reported that about 1.8% experienced dissociative amnesia in the previous year (Johnson, Cohen, Kasen, & Brook, 2006). Most fugue episodes last only a few hours or days, but some can last longer. Some individuals with dissociative amnesia will also experience dissociative fugue (from the word “to flee” in French), whereby they suddenly wander away from their home, experience confusion about their identity, and sometimes even adopt a new identity (Cardeña & Gleaves, 2006). The memory impairments are not caused by ordinary forgetting. An individual with dissociative amnesia is unable to recall important personal information, usually following an extremely stressful or traumatic experience such as combat, natural disasters, or being the victim of violence. The sense of detachment may come and go over a period of years, interrupting daily life, interfering with work or relationships, and leading to delusional thinking.Amnesia refers to the partial or total forgetting of some experience or event. Patients with depersonalization disorder feel outside of themselves, observing their own behavior from a distance. They often report feeling the presence of others, or hearing the voices of others, inside their own minds. People with this disorder experience splits in their identity, feeling themselves to be inhabited by more than one self. This disturbance involves assuming different identities to cope with unbearable stress. Dissociative Identity Disorderĭissociative identity disorder was formerly known as multiple personality disorder. In this fugue state, during which they are unsure of who they are, they leave work, home or school and travel for days, weeks or months. Though temporary, this disorder causes patients to become confused about their own identities and to perhaps assume new ones. ![]() Dissociative FugueĪ rare type of dissociative disorder, dissociative fugue involves physical escape from highly distressing events. The memory loss involved may be all-encompassing general amnesia, localized amnesia surrounding a period of hours or days, selective amnesia where only certain parts of an event are remembered, or systematized amnesia where certain aspects of the past are blotted out, such as anything pertaining to a particular person. The patient with dissociative amnesia blocks out terror or extreme pain with an involuntary loss of memory. This type of dissociative disorder involves sudden extensive memory loss after a traumatic event and is most frequently diagnosed in children.
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